How does it work
The storage cycle begins with the introduction of the substance into the tank. This is managed through:
Pumping Systems: For liquids or gases with low natural flow (e.g., crude oil, industrial chemicals), pumps generate pressure to push the material through inlet pipes into the tank.
Gravity Feed: When the source is at a higher elevation than the tank (e.g., water from a reservoir), gravity alone drives the material into the tank via connected pipelines.
Metering and Monitoring: Flow meters measure the volume of incoming material, while level sensors (such as radar or float sensors) track the fill level. These sensors send signals to shut off the inlet valve once the tank reaches its maximum safe capacity, preventing overfilling.
Containment and Preservation
Once filled, the tank maintains the stored material's integrity through:
Structural Integrity: The tank's material (e.g., carbon steel, fiberglass, concrete) and design (e.g., cylindrical, spherical) resist internal pressure (for gases) or weight (for solids/liquids), preventing leaks or deformation.
Environmental Protection: Liners (e.g., epoxy coatings for corrosive liquids) or inert gas layers (e.g., nitrogen for food-grade products) shield the material from external contaminants, oxidation, or corrosion.
Condition Control: Insulation (for temperature-sensitive materials like LNG or pharmaceuticals) minimizes heat exchange with the surroundings. Heated coils or jackets may be used to keep liquids (e.g., heavy oil) from solidifying, while cooling systems prevent volatile substances from overheating.
Material Extraction (Emptying Process)
When the stored material is needed, it is released through:
Outlet Valves and Pumps: Valves regulate the flow rate, while pumps (for viscous or low-level materials) draw the substance out through outlet pipes. For gravity-dependent systems (e.g., water tanks), the tank's elevation creates natural pressure to push material out.
Agitation (If Required): For materials prone to settling (e.g., slurries or suspensions), built-in agitators or mixers keep the substance homogeneous, ensuring consistent flow during extraction.
Safety and Pressure Regulation